Laser Theodore H Maimann, physicists from Hughes Aircraft Co., succeeded in creating ruby laser first year 1960s. At that time, many people hoping use it as light source in optical fiber communications. In 1966, some Scientists at the company Corning Glass Works successfully fluorescent light of optical fiber in as far as 1.5 km . Research on the propagation light waves in optical fiber filled. Basically, fiber optic diameter of human hair (about 0.125 mm) includes two parts. First, the terrace and the outside of so-called cladding . As a result, the light launched into the fiber core optics in the local angle some will come reflected repeatedly in fiber. Event Such reflection is called in total. Most parts of the terrace made of glass, although there also made of plastic. Cladding parts can be made plastics and glass. Plastic cladding, which known as the plastic clad silica (PCS), unable delivering the best signal if a whole made of glass. There are at least two sources commonly used light scientists in optical fiber communications, namely light emiting diodes (LED) and Diode lasers - laser made of materials semiconductors, such as laser InGaAsP (Indium-gallium- Arsenic-phosphorus). LED gives light spread, consisting of random waves, unrelated to each other. Laser produce light coherent (directional) and file rays consist of waves are lined up neatly. Said coherent laser beam and the LED is not to say coherent. In addition, light produced by laser regions have values more wavelength narrow or mirni than LED. When using LEDs, incoming rays continues having various angles come. Each ray propagate independently. Light propagating in in such optical fiber multimode. When the diameter constant minimized, under the size only have a certain light one way travel, ie parallel to the optical fiber. Such propagation mode called singular. Single mode optical fiber gives attenuation light is very small. Because the terrace of single mode optical can work with a very distant repeater. However, due to fiber size very small, not easily installing a light source well. Moreover, as light source for fiber single mode optical using a laser with carrying capacity rapidly changing information. It all makes the system very single-mode optical expensive for the short term. But now the system many single-mode applied to the lower cable marine and service system for many customers. Computer data and digital communications using a signal pulse or pulses of light. According to a mathematical theorem called Fourier series, a pulse can be decomposed into number of sinusoidal waves various frequencies or wavelength known as component- Fourier components. Light disseminated by a prism into the various range color spectrum. Therefore, the refractive index of glass different for different colors or for various lengths light waves. From the conception of physics that can also occur in pulses of light while traveling down the optical fiber. Pulse thrown into the fiber optics become increasingly broad and light propagating in optical fiber further.
Showing posts with label Optical cable. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Optical cable. Show all posts
Optical cable
Monday, 26 April 2010
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Usually cable was made of copper. But now cable copper has been replaced optic cable. There is some excess cable compared with optical copper cable. First, cheaper. Second, more thin and light so that save space. Third, level of information loss distributed relatively more low so that more efficient power. Fourth, a single cable can consist of optical hundreds of fiber optic signals. Inter-fibre not interfere, so that communication through phone or acceptance television broadcasts over the net. Fifth, the volume of information optical fiber that can be brought distance telephone network through larger, namely between And 600 000 200 000 conversation. In fact, cable copper carries only between 10 and 20 conversation. Sixth, on the phone signals copper cables should be strengthened again every 2 km with a signal amplifier (Repeater), which is relatively expensive. In optical fibers, attenuation very little signal. So the distance inter-repeater can be far apart up to 100 km. Currently, Japan and the United States is developing the use of lasers as light in a fiber amplifier optics. Thus the signals carried can survive up to 1000 km without the "refreshed" by repeater. Seventh, no fiber optic affected by disturbances natural electromagnetic, such as lightning, storms, solar radio waves. Also unaffected electromagnetic interference artificial, like a radio transmitter radio and radar. Eighth, more optical fibers suitable for data transmission digital. In addition, the use optical fiber does not allow wired data information, without cause attenuation signal a bull run. Ninth, no fiber optic conductance so safe from harm fire. Tenth, fiber more flexible than optical copper cable. For data communications telemetry, fiber optics is now installed in many Latest computer. With two copper wires untwisted, the computer can transmit data 150-200 letters per second. Now with coaxial cable can send up to 1.5 million letters per second. Fiber optics certain type and length certain waves can distribute 15 million-20 million letters per second.
During we know communication technology through Cable and Wireless . Communications over Cable can be done, for example, by telephone home. The communication Cordless phone mobile (cell phone ). When communicating with home phone, microphone convert sound into electrical signals which are sent via cable to the receiver.
Image from here
Usually cable was made of copper. But now cable copper has been replaced optic cable. There is some excess cable compared with optical copper cable. First, cheaper. Second, more thin and light so that save space. Third, level of information loss distributed relatively more low so that more efficient power. Fourth, a single cable can consist of optical hundreds of fiber optic signals. Inter-fibre not interfere, so that communication through phone or acceptance television broadcasts over the net. Fifth, the volume of information optical fiber that can be brought distance telephone network through larger, namely between And 600 000 200 000 conversation. In fact, cable copper carries only between 10 and 20 conversation. Sixth, on the phone signals copper cables should be strengthened again every 2 km with a signal amplifier (Repeater), which is relatively expensive. In optical fibers, attenuation very little signal. So the distance inter-repeater can be far apart up to 100 km. Currently, Japan and the United States is developing the use of lasers as light in a fiber amplifier optics. Thus the signals carried can survive up to 1000 km without the "refreshed" by repeater. Seventh, no fiber optic affected by disturbances natural electromagnetic, such as lightning, storms, solar radio waves. Also unaffected electromagnetic interference artificial, like a radio transmitter radio and radar. Eighth, more optical fibers suitable for data transmission digital. In addition, the use optical fiber does not allow wired data information, without cause attenuation signal a bull run. Ninth, no fiber optic conductance so safe from harm fire. Tenth, fiber more flexible than optical copper cable. For data communications telemetry, fiber optics is now installed in many Latest computer. With two copper wires untwisted, the computer can transmit data 150-200 letters per second. Now with coaxial cable can send up to 1.5 million letters per second. Fiber optics certain type and length certain waves can distribute 15 million-20 million letters per second.
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