EFI BIOS

Saturday 17 July 2010

Once the PC is turned on, the BIOS will check for almost ALL COMPONENTS. This time, the review process that occurs and how you can speed up your PC with just a few BIOS settings.

Booting a uniform system starting January 11, 1996. Several companies agreed to create a standard BIOS in the "BIOS Boot Specification." Until recently, the standard becomes the operating system for the system (the bootstrap loader) is still used to set the operating system.

When the operating system is always offered with new features, such as the BIOS is still first. That condition was intentional, the manufacturer does not offer a feature i cool "weird" in the BIOS because it is not unusual for these things can cause problems

The latest EFI BIOS supports native 64-bit and has a graphical interface. However, until recently, rarely PC equipped with EFI because it is not compatible with existing motherboards. Only Apple is using BIOS wear this type since 2006. How where you able to install Mac OS on a PC with an EFI-Electric

If all goes well, you will briefly hear "beep". For most users, this signal is a sign that the computer is in good condition and is ready to run PC operating systems. However, there are rarely find out what happened during the first second until the sound of "beep" sound. Power supply, CPU, RAM, hard disk connections, controllers, and motherboards, all checked by the BIOS (Basic Input Output System). This time, we look more closely, what is checked by the BIOS before the computer actually running the operating system.

BIOS that is used by even the newest computer has actually been to the annual age, but still the best. His successor was already available, that is EFI (Extensible Firmware Interface) that supports 64-bit system so it is appropriate for future generations of PCs. Thanks to the graphical user interface, EFI easier than a computer configured with the current BIOS. This new super-new BIOS is used by computers Mac and PC use only slightly worn. How BIOS protocol that is used by almost 90 percent of today's computers, all featured here.

0.0300 seconds

Once the system is turned on, the first stage of the BIOS, the POST-Test (Power-On Self-Test) will be activated. This phase checks the core components of a computer, whether it is functioning correctly. Next, the BIOS will recognize the computers chipset.

1.7300 seconds

The first one was done the BIOS is reset the CPU. Here, the BIOS will decide NM-Interrupt-Line (non mask Able Interrrupt) to the CPU. For that, the BIOS will set the 7th bit in the I / O-Port 70h.

In almost the same time, the keyboard controller is also reset with the appropriate Bits Hard Reset after voltage is available. With Reset-Determination, the BIOS also checks whether the controller will only need a Soft-Reset. For that, the BIOS will read the appropriate bit in the keyboard controller. The advantage, Soft-Reset lasts a few milliseconds faster because the system only up to 64 KByte memory test.

2.6100 seconds

BIOS now examine its own systems by making a checksum consisting of all the bits on the chip. With the numbers that have been determined, the BIOS must produce "2000".

Furthermore, the PC sends an instruction to the keyboard controller. PC will perform other tests and defines a data buffer for programming command. Here, the BIOS will write a command byte and check the internal keyboard controller.

4.1100 seconds

Now, go into the chip CMOS (Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor). Here are stored all the user-defined settings for the BIOS. Each time the boot, the BIOS will read the configuration from the CMOS chip. However, the data and settings are only stored in the chip while it is connected to the battery, just like RAM.

Here, the system also test the checksum the CMOS chip, the part that can be written in the BIOS. In addition, a checksum will be made. This process will detect whether a computer battery is damaged. When the battery is weak, the voltage is not sufficient to supply certain components in the CMOS chip. Users will know that user-defined settings in the BIOS and system time is reset.

4.6200 seconds

In a further step, the POST test-Timer Interrupt function of the duty to improve the function of allocating IRQ. IRQs (Interrupt Requests) is a command that will be sent to the CPU, for example by the hard disk or graphics card so that the processor knows that the data for processing already available. This request is always accompanied by the latency time which will adjust the time between the beginning of IRQ-Signal and data processing.

Next, the BIOS set the IRQ Vector-Table and load user-defined settings in the BIOS to the CMOS-Memory. Interrupt-Queries from the very first device received by the Programmable Interrupt Controller then forwarded to the CPU. Then terminate the command processor is running and confirm the interrupt on the Controller.

Then, the CPU read the IRQ numbers (Vector) accordingly from the Controller and use it as an index in the Interrupt-Vector-Table. This table contains the appropriate allocation for each IRQ, for example where the processes that have been implemented specifically for a particular device. Because of the limited number of available IRQ, on modern systems, multiple devices sharing an interrupt (Interrupt Sharing).

The problem is routine for an interrupt that must be executed by any such device drivers that have enabled the interrupt. This can cause problems if the driver is active for too long (because the drivers are not programmed in an optimal). Meanwhile, another device and then write into the buffer, which quickly filled and there will be overflow from a certain time. This process can cause data to be lost.

Therefore, in modern peripheral devices, operating systems provide a dynamic IRQ numbers.

PC Over Tighten: With BIOS Tricks

Better to use the new BIOS instead of buying a new PC. Typically, the BIOS- using Flash-EEPROMS (Electrically Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory) and can be updated through software. However, you must be careful. Upgrading quite risky. When the update process does not run smoothly, your hardware will be damaged. On the other hand, updating the BIOS can provide much faster performance.

BIOS RECOVERY:

Many motherboards are equipped with an emergency system in the BIOS. When the update process is broken, will run system recovery. From here, you can run a file recovery.

BIOS-tuning:

With the right settings in the BIOS, you can increase your PC's performance significantly.

Generally, by making over-clock the CPU. Enter a value in the menu "Advanced | Configuration JumperFree | CPU Frequency", for example 20 MHz higher than those displayed in the BIOS. With this increase, the CPU temperature will not reach more than 60 degrees Celsius, while at peak load, the temperature does not exceed 90 degrees Celsius.

Improved performance was also obtained by setting the appropriate RAM. Go to the menu "Advanced | Chipset | North Bridge Configuration" and lower "CAS Latency" to "3". If Windows can not boot, restore the value to "4". In the same way, change also the value of "RAS # to CAS # Delay" and "RAS # Precharge". Set the "RAS # Activate to Precharge" to value "10". Principally, the lower the value, the faster computer performance.

4.8200 seconds

BIOS will test whether there is an error in the allocation Channel and Channel Address on the first MByte RAM. To that end, samples POST write data into RAM and then compare them. Currently, the system of checking and initializing the video adapter graphics card. First, examine the type of Video Adapter BIOS and run a battery of tests on the adapter and monitor. If any, error messages will be displayed on the screen.

5.0200 seconds

Furthermore, the turn-Controller DMA (Direct Memory Access). CPU and RAM databus connected with the motherboard via a Host-Bridge. Transactions on the bus generally occurs between the bridge and peripheral devices. Peripherals in order to process data quickly and peripherals hostbridge can access directly, without having to go through the RAM. For testing, the BIOS back to using the sample data. The system will write it into memory.

Keyboard device must also be tested. BIOS can now detect the keyboard is not functioning. NumLock button located in the right area of the keyboard will be active.

7.6300 seconds

Now, the BIOS go into the final test. BIOS re-examine the disk drives, hard disk, and connections, before handing control to the system to interrupt the boot loader-19. The task of this interrupt to load the operating system and monitor the hard disk data transfer along with its controller. Many versions of the BIOS to disable IRQ19 offer this feature. However, these features are only effective if the computer is equipped with an additional drive controller, such as a PCI-RAID-Controller.

If there are errors in self-test, beep signal will be sounded several times and error messages displayed on the screen. To understand this BIOS SOS code, a table was available on the Internet (www.computerhope.com / beep.htm). With these tables, you can limit the sources of error. If you want to ensure that components are damaged, you can use a diagnosis Card. This card is inserted into an empty slot on the motherboard and will display the error code in the form of numbers. A code table is used to find the faulty component.

12.4300 seconds

If all goes well, the computer reads only briefly and then look for a bootable operating system on the boot media. When an error occurs here, usually caused by the failure of the MBR (Master Boot Record). You can try to restore the system by running the Windows installation DVD. When a PC using Windows XP, booting with the CD is to install and run the "Repair Console". Then, run the command 'fixmbr' and restart. When using Vista, run the installation DVD and select the option "System Repair" in Setup. If this does not work, do the procedure as in XP and go to Repair Console. Then, run the command "bootrec / fixmbr".

If this method fails, do not immediately decide to reinstall. In Vista, a warning message NTLDR is often marked by the cursor on the screen with berkedipnya who is black. In this case, go to the Repair Console and give the following command:

c:

cd·boot

attrib·c:\boot\bcd·-s·-h·-r

ren·c:\boot\bcd·bcd.old

bootrec·/rebuild

When using Windows 7, you can enter a Bootable DVD and his right boot sector recovery through the Repair feature. Note the BIOS boot sequence correct. Here, IRQ19 will find the right system and run a real operating system.

Mac OS X with EFI-X module, you can install another system on your PC.

Manufacturers are less motivated by this BIOS successor. EFI (Extensible Firmware Interface) has long been applied to the Mac computer, while sis where the PC is still limping along. Hardware vendors, MSI, has two new motherboards equipped with EFI. Meanwhile, the new ASUS video display only those concepts with EFI in November last. !

HOW TO BECOME A PC MAC:

With the EFI-X-Module (www.efi-x.com, about U.S. $ 200) you can use a new version of the BIOS. This module is a special internal USB-dongle that will outwit the computer so that the PC is considered as an Apple computer. Mac OS X can be ins tall on all PCs, although it is not available in EFI-BIOS. Without tricks like this, the installation will not succeed. EFI-X module requires specialized hardware, such as an Intel CPU. In addition, the required computer motherboard from Gigabyte or DFI should. For graphics cards, Nvidia or ATI will suffice. If you want to use the EFI-BIOS module on the USB port, you still require additional adapters that are easily available in computer stores. The price is approximately around U.S. $ 4. Now, you must be running Mac OS X from the installation DVD (www.apple.com). Done.

For information, EFI-X Firmware chip is easy to be updated. Update for the chip can be obtained on the Internet. Later, more hardware components that can be operated with the EFI chip.